Paragraph Writing Module PDF

The PDF version of the slides can be downloaded either via Issuu below or via Google Drive

Past Simple and Progressive

In this e-lecture, I describe the different situations in which we use the Past Simple and Progressive. I also explain the various adverbs we can use with each tense.

Diglossia

In this e-lecture, I discuss Ferguson's classical article called "Diglossia" published in 1959. I define what is Diglossia. Then I go through its main features as introduced in his article: namely:

*Function

*Prestige

*Literary heritage

*Acquisition

*Standardization

*Stability

*Grammar

*Lexicon

*Phonology

Then I go through Fishman's "Extended Diglossia". Finally I present the versions onto which diglossia can develop according to some sociolinguists. These are Triglossia (Mkifili, 1978) (Youssi, 1995) and Poliglossia (Platt, 1977).